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Development history of electric bicycle in China
August 18,2022

As for the development history of China's electric bicycles, the industry generally agrees that there are three development stages: the initial stage of electric bicycles, the initial stage of large-scale production, and the overspeed development stage.

The initial stage of electric bicycles is also called the early experimental production stage of electric bicycles, which is from 1995 to 1999. This stage is mainly to explore and study the key technologies of the four major parts of the electric bicycle, motor, battery, charger and controller. In the aspect of R & D and production, it is mainly based on the spontaneous collection of information, tracking technology, organization of market observation and small batch of market trial release by the manufacturer, which also makes the electric bicycle enter the vision of consumers and gradually recognized and accepted by them. Technically speaking, in the early electric bicycles, the new battery can only run about 30 kilometers at a time. The battery life is short, the climbing ability is poor, and it is easy to wear. Moreover, the motors are all brushless and toothless motors. However, the accumulation of this period has laid a foundation for the scale of industrialization in terms of talents, technology and product research and development.

The reason why the second stage is called the initial production scale stage is that there are several opportunities to promote electric bicycles in this period of time, which makes the electric bicycles that are struggling in the primary stage usher in the spring all at once, and the development of the industry has entered the scale, Among these opportunities, the most valuable ones are the "motorcycle ban" in various cities and the "SARS" in 2003. It is generally recognized that the period is from 2000 to 2004. During this period, with the breakthroughs in key technologies and the continuous improvement of the performance of electric bicycles, electric bicycles have become the substitute products for motorcycles and bicycles, and their speed, environmental protection, convenience and low cost have made them more and more popular, At the same time, it also stimulated the market's demand for electric bicycles. In the growing market demand, the previous R & D and production enterprises have risen rapidly, and some new enterprises have also begun to enter. Their investment in electric bicycles has also been increasing, resulting in the rapid expansion of production capacity. Moreover, the enterprises that have sprung up in this period are all large-scale operations, and have left behind the older generation of R & D and production enterprises. However, some large-scale enterprises represented by well-known brands have been formed, and according to the differences between the north and the south, three industrial clusters represented by Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Tianjin have also been formed.

The third stage is from 2005 to now. This stage is the overspeed development stage of China's electric bicycles, which is nicknamed "blowout stage" by the industry. During this period, with the fierce competition among enterprises, the progress of technology and the diffusion of new technologies have been greatly stimulated. The technical level of the whole industry has been greatly improved. The service life and capacity of batteries have been increased by 35%. The motor has developed from a single brush and toothed motor to a brushless high-efficiency motor. The service life has been increased by 5 times, the efficiency has been increased by nearly 30%, and the climbing and loading capacity has been increased by about 3.5 times. While the performance is improved, the manufacturing cost is also greatly reduced, and the price power is reduced to 21% of the original; In the controller system and charging system, the technical level has also been greatly improved. In particular, great progress has been made in battery technology and motor technology. The technical breakthrough of lead-acid batteries for electric vehicles has led the world, and Zhejiang Changxing plate led by Tianneng and Chaowei, Jiangsu plate represented by Kanglian and Shuangdeng, and Guangdong plate represented by Ruida have been formed. The battery also has a single lead-acid battery to develop into a variety of high-performance batteries. Moreover, the emergence of lithium batteries has driven the development of electric bicycles, especially simple ones. In terms of motor, the invention of permanent magnet brushless motor has significantly accelerated the development of the industry. The key of motor performance is the performance of strong magnetic materials. Among all kinds of permanent magnet materials, rare earth permanent magnet materials have the best performance. China is recognized by the world as a large country of rare earth resources and a manufacturing power of rare earth products. Due to the good performance, low price and strong manufacturing capacity of rare earth strong magnetic materials, the expensive BLDC (brushless DC permanent magnet motor) system in the international market has been widely used in Chinese enterprises, and the electric bicycle industry has obtained a unique resource advantage. In terms of the total production and sales volume of the industry, in 2005, the total output of various light electric vehicles (including electric bicycles) of hundreds of enterprises in China is expected to exceed 9 million, and about 2-3 million are exported. The industrial output value is 20 billion yuan, the profit and tax is about 6 billion yuan, and the employment in related production and service fields is nearly 1 million. China's production and sales of light electric vehicles have accounted for more than 90% of the world. China has become the world's largest producer, consumer and exporter of light electric vehicles.

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