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- Development history of electric bicycle in China
- July 19,2022
As for the development history of electric bicycles in China, the industry generally agrees that there are three development stages: the initial stage of electric bicycles, the initial stage of large-scale production, and the stage of overspeed development.
The initial stage of electric bicycles is also known as the early experimental production stage of electric bicycles, from 1995 to 1999. This stage is mainly to explore and study the key technologies of the four major parts of electric bicycle, motor, battery, charger and controller. In terms of R & D and production, it is mainly based on the spontaneous collection of information, tracking technology, organization of market observation, and small batch market trial launch of production enterprises, which also makes electric bicycles begin to enter the vision of consumers, and they are gradually recognized and accepted by them. In terms of technology, in the early electric bicycles, the new battery can only drive about 30 kilometers at a time. The battery life is short, the climbing ability is poor, and it is easy to wear. Moreover, the motors are all brush toothless motors. However, the accumulation of this period has laid the foundation for today's industrialization in terms of talent, technology and product research and development.
The reason why the second stage is called the initial production scale stage is that there are several opportunities to promote electric bicycles during this period, which makes the electric bicycles that are struggling in the initial stage suddenly usher in the spring, and the development of the industry has entered a large scale, Among these opportunities, the most valuable ones are the "motorcycle ban" in various cities and the "SARS" in 2003. This time period is generally recognized as the period from 2000 to 2004. During this period, with the breakthroughs in key technologies and the continuous improvement of the performance of electric bicycles, electric bicycles have become alternative products to motorcycles and bicycles, and their quickness, environmental protection, convenience and cheapness, At the same time, it also stimulated the market demand for electric bicycles. In the growing market demand, the former R & D and production enterprises have risen rapidly, and some new enterprises have also begun to enter. Their investment in electric bicycles has also been increasing, which has led to the rapid expansion of production capacity. Moreover, the enterprises that quickly jumped up during this period are all large-scale operations, which have left the older generation of R&D and production enterprises behind. However, some large-scale enterprises represented by well-known brands have been formed, and according to the differences between the north and the south, three industrial clusters represented by Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Tianjin have also been formed in the industry.
The third stage is from 2005 to now. This stage is the overspeed development stage of China's electric bicycles, which is jokingly called the "blowout stage" by the industry. During this period, with the fierce competition among enterprises greatly stimulating the progress of technology and the diffusion of new technologies, the technical level of the whole industry has been greatly improved, the battery life and capacity have been increased by 35%, and the motor has developed from a single brush and toothed motor to a brushless high-efficiency motor as the mainstream. The service life has been increased by 5 times, the efficiency has been increased by nearly 30%, and the climbing and loading capacity has been increased by about 3.5 times. While the performance is improved, the manufacturing cost is also significantly reduced, and the price power is reduced to the original 21%; In the controller system and charging system, the technical level has also been greatly improved. In particular, great progress has been made in battery technology and motor technology. The technical breakthrough of lead-acid batteries for electric vehicles has been leading the world, and has formed Zhejiang Changxing plate led by Tianneng and Chaowei, Jiangsu plate represented by Kanglian and Shuangdeng, and Guangdong plate represented by Ruida. Batteries also have a single lead-acid battery and many types of high-performance batteries. Moreover, the emergence of lithium batteries has further driven the development of electric bicycles, especially simple ones. In terms of motor, the invention of permanent magnet brushless motor has significantly accelerated the pace of industry development. The key of motor performance is the performance of strong magnetic materials. Among all kinds of permanent magnet materials, rare earth permanent magnet materials have the best performance. China is recognized as a world power in rare earth resources and rare earth products manufacturing. Due to the good performance, low price and strong manufacturing capacity of rare earth strong magnetic materials, the expensive BLDC (brushless DC permanent magnet motor) system in the international market has been widely used in Chinese enterprises, so the electric bicycle industry has obtained a unique resource advantage. In terms of the total production and sales volume of the industry, in 2005, the total output of various light electric vehicles (including electric bicycles) of hundreds of enterprises across the country is expected to have exceeded 9million, with exports of about 2-3 million, an industrial output value of 20billion, profits and taxes of about 6billion yuan, and nearly 1million jobs in related production and service fields. China's production and sales of light electric vehicles have accounted for more than 90% of the world, and China has become the world's largest producer, consumer and exporter of light electric vehicles.
The initial stage of electric bicycles is also known as the early experimental production stage of electric bicycles, from 1995 to 1999. This stage is mainly to explore and study the key technologies of the four major parts of electric bicycle, motor, battery, charger and controller. In terms of R & D and production, it is mainly based on the spontaneous collection of information, tracking technology, organization of market observation, and small batch market trial launch of production enterprises, which also makes electric bicycles begin to enter the vision of consumers, and they are gradually recognized and accepted by them. In terms of technology, in the early electric bicycles, the new battery can only drive about 30 kilometers at a time. The battery life is short, the climbing ability is poor, and it is easy to wear. Moreover, the motors are all brush toothless motors. However, the accumulation of this period has laid the foundation for today's industrialization in terms of talent, technology and product research and development.
The reason why the second stage is called the initial production scale stage is that there are several opportunities to promote electric bicycles during this period, which makes the electric bicycles that are struggling in the initial stage suddenly usher in the spring, and the development of the industry has entered a large scale, Among these opportunities, the most valuable ones are the "motorcycle ban" in various cities and the "SARS" in 2003. This time period is generally recognized as the period from 2000 to 2004. During this period, with the breakthroughs in key technologies and the continuous improvement of the performance of electric bicycles, electric bicycles have become alternative products to motorcycles and bicycles, and their quickness, environmental protection, convenience and cheapness, At the same time, it also stimulated the market demand for electric bicycles. In the growing market demand, the former R & D and production enterprises have risen rapidly, and some new enterprises have also begun to enter. Their investment in electric bicycles has also been increasing, which has led to the rapid expansion of production capacity. Moreover, the enterprises that quickly jumped up during this period are all large-scale operations, which have left the older generation of R&D and production enterprises behind. However, some large-scale enterprises represented by well-known brands have been formed, and according to the differences between the north and the south, three industrial clusters represented by Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Tianjin have also been formed in the industry.
The third stage is from 2005 to now. This stage is the overspeed development stage of China's electric bicycles, which is jokingly called the "blowout stage" by the industry. During this period, with the fierce competition among enterprises greatly stimulating the progress of technology and the diffusion of new technologies, the technical level of the whole industry has been greatly improved, the battery life and capacity have been increased by 35%, and the motor has developed from a single brush and toothed motor to a brushless high-efficiency motor as the mainstream. The service life has been increased by 5 times, the efficiency has been increased by nearly 30%, and the climbing and loading capacity has been increased by about 3.5 times. While the performance is improved, the manufacturing cost is also significantly reduced, and the price power is reduced to the original 21%; In the controller system and charging system, the technical level has also been greatly improved. In particular, great progress has been made in battery technology and motor technology. The technical breakthrough of lead-acid batteries for electric vehicles has been leading the world, and has formed Zhejiang Changxing plate led by Tianneng and Chaowei, Jiangsu plate represented by Kanglian and Shuangdeng, and Guangdong plate represented by Ruida. Batteries also have a single lead-acid battery and many types of high-performance batteries. Moreover, the emergence of lithium batteries has further driven the development of electric bicycles, especially simple ones. In terms of motor, the invention of permanent magnet brushless motor has significantly accelerated the pace of industry development. The key of motor performance is the performance of strong magnetic materials. Among all kinds of permanent magnet materials, rare earth permanent magnet materials have the best performance. China is recognized as a world power in rare earth resources and rare earth products manufacturing. Due to the good performance, low price and strong manufacturing capacity of rare earth strong magnetic materials, the expensive BLDC (brushless DC permanent magnet motor) system in the international market has been widely used in Chinese enterprises, so the electric bicycle industry has obtained a unique resource advantage. In terms of the total production and sales volume of the industry, in 2005, the total output of various light electric vehicles (including electric bicycles) of hundreds of enterprises across the country is expected to have exceeded 9million, with exports of about 2-3 million, an industrial output value of 20billion, profits and taxes of about 6billion yuan, and nearly 1million jobs in related production and service fields. China's production and sales of light electric vehicles have accounted for more than 90% of the world, and China has become the world's largest producer, consumer and exporter of light electric vehicles.
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